Anti-PLA2R antibodies are autoantibodies directed against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor on glomerular podocytes. They are the main cause of primary membranous nephropathy, are predominantly IgG4, and their presence helps diagnose and distinguish primary from secondary disease. Antibody levels correlate with disease activity and prognosis, guiding treatment and monitoring for remission or relapse.

A positive PLA2R test means circulating antibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor are present, strongly suggesting primary (autoimmune) membranous nephropathy. It indicates active immune-mediated kidney injury, helps distinguish primary from secondary causes, and correlates with disease activity and prognosis. Antibody levels guide treatment and monitoring, but diagnosis and management also require clinical assessment and often a kidney biopsy.

Costs vary by country and testing route. In India it's typically ₹1,500–₹5,000. In the UK it's usually covered by the NHS; privately it runs about £40–£120. In the US out‑of‑pocket prices range roughly $100–$500; insurance or Medicare may reduce or cover it. Prices differ between labs—confirm with your local hospital or diagnostic centre.

Yes. Serum anti-PLA2R antibodies are a highly specific marker for primary (idiopathic) membranous nephropathy and can support diagnosis—often reducing the need for biopsy when the clinical picture fits. Sensitivity is moderate, so a negative test does not exclude disease. Antibody levels also reflect disease activity and prognosis, aiding treatment decisions and monitoring alongside clinical and histological findings.

Reference ranges vary by assay and lab. For ELISA, commonly: <14 RU/mL = negative, 14–20 RU/mL = borderline, and >20 RU/mL = positive. Very high titres (often >150 RU/mL) suggest active or more severe membranous nephropathy. Interpret results alongside clinical findings and nephrology consultation, as cut-offs and units can differ between laboratories.

PLA2R (M-type phospholipase A2 receptor) is a transmembrane receptor that binds secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes. It mediates sPLA2 uptake and clearance, influences inflammatory signaling and lipid metabolism by regulating arachidonic acid and eicosanoid production, and modulates cell signaling. In the kidney it’s highly expressed on podocytes and can serve as an autoantigen in membranous nephropathy.