A humerus lateral X‑ray is taken with the arm rotated so the humeral epicondyles are perpendicular to the image receptor (internal rotation), elbow flexed about 90°, and the medial aspect of the arm against the detector. The patient’s shoulder and humerus are positioned in true lateral, with the central ray aimed at the midshaft. This view shows anterior–posterior displacement and rotational alignment.

A humerus X-ray visualizes the upper arm bone from shoulder to elbow, showing the humeral head, neck, shaft and distal condyles. It detects fractures, dislocations, growth-plate injuries in children, bone infections, tumors and degenerative changes. The image also assesses bone alignment, joint relationships, bone density and surrounding soft-tissue swelling or foreign bodies to guide diagnosis and treatment.

Humerus fractures commonly occur at the proximal, shaft or distal regions after direct trauma or falls. Typical features include pain, swelling, deformity, bruising and reduced arm movement; neurovascular compromise (radial nerve, brachial artery) must be checked. Management ranges from immobilization, analgesia and physiotherapy to surgical fixation for displaced or open fractures. Most heal well but complications can include nonunion, malunion and stiffness.

A normal humerus X-ray shows a uniform cortical outline and intact bone shaft without fractures or displacement. The humeral head is rounded and articulates smoothly with the glenoid; greater and lesser tuberosities are distinct. Trabecular pattern is preserved, joint spaces are normal, and there is no periosteal reaction, lytic lesion, or abnormal sclerosis. Soft tissues appear unremarkable.

Place the patient with the side of interest against the image receptor so the midsagittal plane is parallel to it. Align and immobilize head/limbs, raise arms above the head for chest, and adjust the chin to avoid superimposition. Collimate to the area, place a radiographic marker, use appropriate exposure and lead shielding. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the receptor and instruct a breath-hold if required.

The lateral humerus is the outer side of the humerus—the long bone of the upper arm. In anatomical position it faces away from the midline, running from the proximal region beneath the shoulder (including the greater tubercle) down the shaft to the distal lateral landmarks by the elbow, such as the lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral epicondyle.