Nasal X‑rays have limited value: they often miss sinus inflammation and subtle nasal fractures, so they're not recommended routinely for sinusitis. CT scanning gives clearer detail for chronic, complicated, or preoperative assessment. Plain X‑rays can detect some foreign bodies or gross fractures, and radiation exposure is low, but imaging should be used judiciously, especially in children.

AP view means anteroposterior: the X‑ray beam enters the front (anterior) of the body and exits the back (posterior), with the detector placed behind the patient. It’s used for supine or portable studies when patients cannot stand. AP projections often magnify the heart and mediastinum compared with PA views, so radiologists account for that distortion.

For suspected nasal bone fractures, targeted nasal bone X‑rays—typically a lateral view plus an occipitomental (Waters) or Caldwell view—are used. For sinus evaluation, Waters (occipitomental) and lateral sinus views are common. CT of the nose and paranasal sinuses is preferred for complex facial fractures, detailed bony anatomy, or persistent/chronic sinus disease because it provides much greater detail.

Distinguish PA from AP by these clues: look for a projection marker (PA/AP). In PA films the scapulae lie lateral to the lung fields, clavicles are more horizontal and lower, and the cardiac silhouette is less magnified. AP (often bedside/supine) shows scapulae projected over lungs, clavicles higher/oblique, and apparent cardiomegaly from magnification. Inspiratory depth and patient position also help.

The best plain radiograph for a suspected nasal bone fracture is a true lateral nasal bone view, which most clearly shows cortical disruption and displacement. An occipitomental (Waters) view can be a useful adjunct to assess associated midface or septal involvement. Imaging complements clinical examination; CT is preferred when complex fractures or orbital/maxillary extension are suspected.

PNS view is a plain radiographic series of the paranasal sinuses (commonly Waters, Caldwell and lateral projections) used to detect sinus opacification, air–fluid levels, mucosal thickening or bony fractures. It’s a quick, low‑dose test often used for suspected sinusitis or facial trauma, though CT provides greater sensitivity and anatomical detail for complicated disease or surgical planning.