The skyline view (axial or tangential patellar view) is an X‑ray taken with the knee flexed and the beam tangential to the patella. It shows the patellofemoral joint to assess patellar alignment, subluxation or dislocation, articular surface irregularities, and fractures. Variants (sunrise, Merchant) use different knee flexion angles to better evaluate patellar tracking.

Skyline views are axial X‑ray projections of the patella and patellofemoral joint taken with the knee flexed (also called "sunrise" or "axial patellar" views). They reveal patellar position, tilt, tracking, and the trochlear groove, aiding diagnosis of patellar fractures, dislocations, cartilage wear, and arthritis. The beam is angled to clearly visualize the patella’s articular surface.

A knee lateral view X‑ray is a side‑view radiographic image showing the femur, tibia, patella and joint space in profile. It helps assess fractures, dislocations, patellar alignment, joint effusion and degenerative changes, and evaluates bone alignment and soft‑tissue shadows. The film is taken with the knee slightly flexed to optimize visualization of the joint surfaces and posterior structures.

Position the patient seated or supine with the knee flexed about 30–45°. Place the image receptor under the patella, centered on the patellofemoral joint. Direct the X‑ray beam tangentially to the patella, adjusting the tube angle (roughly 10–30° depending on flexion) to open the joint space. Instruct the patient to remain still and use appropriate shielding and exposure settings.

Lateral knee pain can be benign—often from overuse, iliotibial band syndrome, or bursitis—or indicate more serious issues like ligament or meniscal injury, fracture, infection, or referred nerve pain. Seek prompt medical care for severe swelling, inability to bear weight, locking, giving way, fever, sudden trauma, or persistent pain despite rest. Early assessment and imaging guide treatment and prevent long-term damage.

A skyline view is the distinctive outline of a city’s buildings, towers and landmarks against the sky as seen from a distance. It describes a panoramic urban silhouette valued for its aesthetic, cultural and navigational significance. Skyline views shape city identity, influence property desirability, and are used in photography, tourism, planning and architecture to showcase a city’s character and landmarks.