PLGF (Placental Growth Factor)

Placental growth factor (PlGF) normally rises through the first and second trimesters, peaking around 20–30 weeks, then gradually falls toward term. Absolute values vary by assay and gestational age, but in clinical practice a maternal PlGF ≥100 pg/mL (before 35 weeks) is generally considered reassuring; values <100 pg/mL suggest impaired placental function and increased risk of pre‑eclampsia.

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a protein of the VEGF family produced mainly by the placenta and other tissues that promotes angiogenesis and placental vascular development by binding VEGF receptor‑1 (Flt‑1). PlGF levels normally rise in pregnancy; low PlGF or an elevated sFlt‑1/PlGF ratio is linked to placental dysfunction and preeclampsia and is used clinically as a biomarker.

A PlGF (placental growth factor) blood test measures maternal circulating PlGF to assess placental health during pregnancy. Low PlGF levels indicate placental dysfunction and help diagnose or predict pre-eclampsia and related complications, especially in women with high blood pressure or symptoms after 20 weeks’ gestation. Results aid risk stratification and clinical decisions about monitoring, treatment, and timing of delivery.

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is measured from a maternal blood sample processed as serum or plasma and analyzed in a laboratory using quantitative immunoassays (ELISA or automated chemiluminescent assays). Results are reported in pg/mL (or ng/mL) and often interpreted alongside soluble Flt‑1 (sFlt‑1) or clinical findings to assess placental function and help diagnose or rule out preeclampsia.

A good PAPP‑A result in pregnancy is usually reported as multiples of the median (MoM). Values around 1.0 MoM are typical; a range roughly 0.5–2.0 MoM is generally acceptable. PAPP‑A below about 0.4 MoM is considered low and may prompt extra monitoring because it’s linked to higher risk of complications. Interpretation depends on gestational age and lab-specific reference ranges.

Low placental growth factor (PlGF) levels indicate placental dysfunction, commonly due to abnormal placentation and impaired trophoblast invasion leading to uteroplacental ischemia. They occur in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, and are associated with maternal conditions such as chronic hypertension, autoimmune disorders (e.g., antiphospholipid syndrome), chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and smoking. Multiple pregnancy and placental infections may also contribute.