An MRI myelogram (MR myelography) is usually a non‑invasive MRI technique that visualizes the spinal canal, cerebrospinal fluid and nerve roots using specialized, fluid‑sensitive MRI sequences; it can detect disc herniation, spinal stenosis, nerve compression, cysts or CSF leaks. It avoids ionizing radiation; sometimes intrathecal contrast is used. Risks include claustrophobia, implant contraindications, or contrast‑related reactions if used.

A myelogram is usually uncomfortable rather than severely painful. Local anesthetic numbs the skin and deeper tissues, but you may feel pressure, brief sharp twinges when the needle or contrast is injected, and afterwards back soreness or headache. Most sensations are short‑lived; serious complications are uncommon. Discuss pain control, positioning and what to expect with your clinician beforehand.

No—MRI is generally preferred because it’s noninvasive, shows soft tissues, discs, spinal cord and nerves without radiation. A CT myelogram (contrast injected into the CSF with CT) provides superior bony and foraminal detail and is useful after spinal surgery or when MRI is contraindicated. It is invasive and carries radiation and procedural risks.

A myelogram procedure itself usually takes about 30–60 minutes. Including preparation (consent, positioning, contrast injection), imaging (X‑ray or CT), and post‑procedure observation, expect 1.5–4 hours at the facility. Observation time varies with local protocols and how you respond to the dye; you may need someone to drive you home and rest for the remainder of the day.

A myelogram is a diagnostic, minimally invasive imaging procedure, not a surgery. It involves injecting contrast into the spinal canal via a needle (lumbar puncture) and then taking X-rays or CT scans to visualize the spinal cord and nerve roots. It’s usually outpatient with local anaesthetic; risks include headache, infection, bleeding, or allergic reaction.

Follow your facility's instructions, but generally you should avoid eating or drinking for several hours before a myelogram. If sedation or anesthesia is planned, fast about 6–8 hours; without sedation you may be asked to stop solid food 4–6 hours beforehand and avoid heavy meals. You can usually take essential medications with a small sip of water. Ask your clinic for specific guidance.