Three main types of mammography are screening mammography, diagnostic mammography, and digital breast tomosynthesis (3D mammography). Screening mammography is routine x‑ray for asymptomatic women. Diagnostic mammography evaluates specific symptoms or abnormal screening findings with additional images. Digital breast tomosynthesis acquires multiple low‑dose images to create a 3D reconstruction, improving detection and reducing false positives.

In Bangalore, a mammogram typically costs between INR 800 and INR 3,000. Basic screening mammograms at diagnostic centres usually range from INR 800–1,500; private hospitals or comprehensive diagnostic packages (bilateral imaging, radiologist report, ultrasound correlation) can cost INR 1,500–3,000 or higher. Final price depends on facility type, imaging modality (digital vs tomosynthesis), and any additional consultations or tests.

Mammography is a primary screening and diagnostic tool that detects suspicious breast changes (masses, calcifications, distortions), but it does not definitively confirm cancer. Abnormal mammogram results require follow-up imaging (ultrasound, MRI) and a tissue biopsy (core needle or surgical) for histological confirmation. Mammograms can miss some cancers (false negatives) or suggest cancer when none is present (false positives).

Seven warning signs of breast cancer include: a new lump or thickening in the breast or armpit; change in breast size or shape; dimpling or puckering of breast skin; nipple retraction or inversion; unusual nipple discharge (especially bloody); persistent breast or nipple pain; redness, scaliness, or ulcers on the breast or nipple.

The safest mammogram uses modern digital techniques: full‑field digital mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis (3D). Both use very low X‑ray doses; 3D may give clearer images with similar or slightly higher exposure but improves detection, often using synthetic 2D to limit dose. For no ionizing radiation, breast MRI or ultrasound are used as alternatives in specific cases.

A mammogram often causes brief discomfort or pressure as each breast is compressed to get clear images. Pain varies—many find it mildly uncomfortable, some experience sharper pain, especially if breasts are tender or during certain cycle times. Technicians can adjust positioning and timing (avoid the week before your period) to reduce soreness. Most women tolerate it, and the short discomfort is outweighed by screening benefits.