Lipoprotein a (Lp-a)

High lipoprotein(a) means you have an elevated level of a genetically driven LDL‑like particle that promotes atherosclerosis and blood clotting, increasing risk of premature coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and aortic stenosis. Levels are largely inherited and little changed by lifestyle; testing is advised with family history or early cardiovascular disease. Treatment targets overall risk reduction; specific Lp(a) therapies are limited.

Lipoprotein(a) is largely genetic and hard to lower with lifestyle alone. Reduce overall cardiovascular risk—treat LDL cholesterol (statins lower LDL but not Lp(a)), control blood pressure and diabetes, stop smoking, maintain healthy weight and exercise. Specific Lp(a)-lowering options include PCSK9 inhibitors (moderate reduction), lipoprotein apheresis for very high-risk patients, and new antisense/siRNA therapies in trials. Niacin isn’t routinely recommended.

Normal Lp(a) is generally low, commonly defined as less than 30 mg/dL (≈75 nmol/L). Many clinicians use <50 mg/dL (≈125 nmol/L) as a practical cutoff; values ≥50 mg/dL (≥125 nmol/L) are considered elevated and linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Lab reference ranges and assays vary, so discuss your result and management with a clinician.

Yes — many people with high lipoprotein(a) can live long lives, but elevated Lp(a) increases lifetime risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke and aortic stenosis. Overall risk depends on Lp(a) level plus other factors. Aggressive risk-factor control—manage LDL, blood pressure and diabetes, stop smoking, exercise, eat healthily—and discuss testing, family screening and treatment options with your clinician can reduce risk.

High lipoprotein(a) is managed by reducing overall cardiovascular risk: aggressive LDL control (statins, ezetimibe), blood-pressure and diabetes control, antiplatelet therapy when indicated, and family screening. Specific Lp(a)‑lowering options include lipoprotein apheresis for very high levels and PCSK9 inhibitors (moderate reduction). Niacin has limited use due to side effects. Novel antisense and siRNA therapies are in clinical trials.

Avoid foods that raise LDL and inflammation: limit saturated and trans fats found in processed and fried foods, fatty red meats, processed meats like sausages and bacon, full-fat dairy, baked goods and margarine. Cut refined carbohydrates and added sugars (sweets, sugary drinks) and reduce ultra-processed foods. Choose vegetables, whole grains, legumes, fish and nuts, and follow your clinician’s advice.