High-resolution, thin-slice CT of the temporal bones (non-contrast with bone windows) is the preferred study for mastoiditis to assess mastoid air cells, bony erosion, and middle-ear involvement. Contrast-enhanced CT may be added when soft-tissue extension, abscess, venous sinus thrombosis, or intracranial complications are suspected; thin (0.5–1 mm) cuts provide optimal detail for surgical planning.

High resolution CT (HRCT) of the temporal bone is a specialized CT scan that provides very detailed images of the bony ear structures. It is used to evaluate chronic ear infections, cholesteatoma, ossicle problems, otosclerosis, trauma and congenital anomalies, and for preoperative planning. The scan is quick and noninvasive, shows bone clearly but is less sensitive for soft tissue; MRI may be added when needed.

A CT scan is a general cross‑sectional X‑ray exam using thicker slices and broader settings for assessing organs, blood vessels and tumors, often with contrast. A high‑resolution CT (HRCT) uses very thin slices, high‑spatial‑resolution reconstruction and lung windows to show fine lung structure. HRCT provides greater detail of lung parenchyma and interstitial disease but covers smaller areas and isn’t optimized for vascular or mass evaluation.

High-resolution CT of the temporal bones (usually non‑contrast) is the imaging modality of choice for mastoid evaluation because it shows fine bony detail, pneumatisation, mastoiditis, ossicular or bony erosion, and cholesteatoma. MRI is complementary for soft-tissue characterization, distinguishing fluid from granulation, and assessing intracranial or venous sinus complications. Choose modality by suspected bony versus soft-tissue disease.

High-resolution CT scan of the mastoid and temporal bones (often contrast-enhanced) is the gold standard for diagnosing mastoiditis. CT accurately demonstrates mastoid air‑cell opacification, coalescence with bony erosion, and detects intracranial or petrous complications. MRI is complementary for soft‑tissue or intracranial extension, but CT remains the primary imaging modality to confirm and guide management.

Best treatment for acute mastoiditis is prompt ENT assessment with hospital admission, intravenous broad‑spectrum antibiotics tailored by cultures, and drainage of the middle ear by myringotomy with or without grommet insertion. If a subperiosteal abscess, intracranial extension, or failure to improve occurs, surgical mastoidectomy is indicated. Supportive care (analgesia, fluids) and imaging guide management to prevent complications.