A normal DEXA result is a T-score of −1.0 or higher, indicating normal bone density. T-scores between −1.0 and −2.5 indicate low bone mass (osteopenia); −2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis. Z-scores compare to age- and sex-matched peers; a Z-score above −2.0 is generally considered within the expected range and may prompt further evaluation if lower.

A DEXA (dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry) scan measures bone mineral density to diagnose osteoporosis and estimate fracture risk. It also provides precise body composition data—fat, lean tissue, and bone mass—useful for tracking treatment, monitoring bone loss, and assessing changes in athletes or patients with metabolic conditions. The scan is quick, low‑radiation, and typically focuses on the hip, spine, or whole body.

In India, a DEXA bone-density scan typically costs about ₹700–₹4,000 (roughly $9–$50). Prices vary by city and facility type—private diagnostic centres in metros are pricier—and depend on whether it’s a single‑site or whole‑body scan. Government hospitals or subsidised clinics often charge less; some centres may add fees for consultation or detailed reports.

You can have DEXA scans as often as clinically needed because radiation is very low; there’s no fixed lifetime limit. For monitoring, typical intervals are 1–2 years when starting or changing osteoporosis treatment, and 2–5 years for routine surveillance in lower‑risk people. Repeat sooner after a fracture or rapid bone loss. DEXA is avoided during pregnancy.

A T-score of −3.5 indicates osteoporosis (below the −2.5 diagnostic threshold) and signifies significantly reduced bone density with a higher fracture risk. Treatment is usually advised and may include bone‑strengthening medications, calcium and vitamin D, weight‑bearing exercise, and fall‑prevention strategies. Discuss personalized fracture‑risk assessment and management options with your healthcare provider promptly.

Five commonly described stages: 1. Normal — T‑score ≥ −1.0. 2. Low bone mass (osteopenia) — T‑score −1.0 to −2.5. 3. Osteoporosis — T‑score ≤ −2.5. 4. Severe/established osteoporosis — T‑score ≤ −2.5 with one or more fragility fractures. 5. Advanced/complicated osteoporosis — multiple fractures, spinal deformity, significant height loss and very high fracture risk.