The urine calcium-to-creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) is a spot urine test that estimates daily calcium loss by comparing calcium to creatinine concentration. It screens for abnormal calcium excretion (hypercalciuria), helps evaluate kidney stone risk, metabolic bone disease, and effects of medications. Results guide further testing such as 24-hour urine collection and treatment decisions together with clinical context and blood tests.

Normal 24-hour urine creatinine (total creatinine excretion) varies by sex and muscle mass: roughly 800–2,000 mg/day in adult males and 600–1,800 mg/day in adult females. Values outside these ranges may reflect collection error, muscle-mass differences, or kidney dysfunction; interpret alongside clinical context and serum creatinine. If using creatinine clearance, normal ranges differ by age and are interpreted differently.

A high calcium level on a 24-hour urine test (hypercalciuria) is usually defined as more than about 250 mg/24 h in women or 300 mg/24 h in men (some labs use >300 mg/day or >4 mg/kg/day). Causes include high dietary calcium, hyperparathyroidism, certain medications, sarcoidosis, and bone disease. Further evaluation by a clinician is recommended for repeat testing and investigation.

Calculate urinary calcium/creatinine ratio from a spot urine or 24‑hour sample by dividing urine calcium concentration by urine creatinine concentration—use the same units. For example, if urine Ca = 10 mg/dL and creatinine = 100 mg/dL, Ca/Cr = 0.10 (mg/mg) = 100 mg/g. Results may be reported as mg/mmol, mg/g or mmol/mmol depending on the lab.

Abnormal 24‑hour urine results include high total protein or albumin (proteinuria/microalbuminuria) suggesting kidney damage; low creatinine clearance or abnormal creatinine excretion indicating reduced kidney function; elevated electrolytes, calcium, oxalate, or uric acid suggesting metabolic imbalance or stone risk; high catecholamines/metanephrines or cortisol suggesting endocrine tumors or Cushing’s; and unusually low or high urine volume indicating hydration or renal concentrating problems.

A high urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio indicates excess protein in the urine, suggesting kidney damage or increased risk of chronic kidney disease. It warrants repeat testing and further evaluation (blood tests, eGFR) and assessment for causes like diabetes or high blood pressure. Management focuses on controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, often using ACE inhibitors/ARBs when appropriate, plus lifestyle changes to slow progression.