Sialography is an imaging test of the salivary glands and ducts where a radiopaque contrast is gently injected into a duct and X-rays or fluoroscopy (sometimes CT) are taken. It identifies stones, strictures, infections or tumors and helps guide treatment planning. Performed outpatient under local anesthesia, it may cause brief discomfort or swelling; rare risks include infection or allergic reaction to contrast.

Before sialography, tell your doctor about allergies (especially to iodine/contrast), current medications (blood thinners), and pregnancy. Follow the clinic’s fasting instructions—often no eating or drinking for a few hours—and stop anticoagulants only if advised. Remove dentures, jewelry and wear comfortable clothing. Bring a medication list and someone to drive if sedation is planned. After the test, drink fluids to help clear the contrast.

The best plain X‑ray for detecting a sialolith is a mandibular occlusal view, which clearly shows stones in the submandibular duct and floor of mouth. Panoramic (orthopantomogram) can help detect larger stones. If radiographs are inconclusive, ultrasound is preferred first-line, and non‑contrast CT or cone‑beam CT provides the highest sensitivity and anatomical detail for deep or complex stones.

Sialography images are obtained during the procedure and can be reviewed immediately by the radiologist. A preliminary read is often available same day; a formal written report usually takes 24–48 hours. If urgent findings are suspected, results may be expedited and conveyed within hours. Timing can vary by facility and workload; your clinician will contact you with the final report and next steps.

Sialography risks include pain or discomfort during contrast injection, local swelling, ductal injury or perforation, contrast extravasation, infection and bleeding. Allergic reactions to iodinated contrast—ranging from mild rash to rare severe anaphylaxis—are possible. Temporary gland inflammation or reduced saliva flow and small radiation exposure may occur. Imaging may also fail to show ducts, requiring repeat testing.

Costs vary by country and procedure. In office-based removal, simple extraction may cost roughly $200–$1,500. Minimally invasive sialendoscopy or lithotripsy often runs $1,500–$5,000. Hospital surgery for complicated stones can be $5,000–$15,000. Public systems (e.g., NHS) often cover treatment; private insurance may lower out-of-pocket costs. Final price depends on stone size, location, anesthesia, imaging and hospital fees.