mri scan brain headache protocol

A brain MRI for headaches looks for structural or vascular problems that could explain symptoms: tumors, bleeding, stroke, aneurysms or vascular malformations, infections, inflammation, demyelinating disease, hydrocephalus, sinus disease or other anatomical abnormalities. It often appears normal in primary headaches (migraine, tension). MRI is recommended when headaches are new, severe, worsen, or are accompanied by neurological signs or other red flags.

A brain MRI protocol includes pre-scan screening for metal implants, pregnancy and renal function if contrast is planned; removal of jewelry and ear protection. Core sequences are axial/sagittal T1, axial T2, FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging, susceptibility (SWI/GRE) and post-contrast T1 when indicated. Scans take 20–60 minutes; sedation or anxiolysis may be offered for claustrophobic patients or children.

To prepare for a head MRI: wear metal-free clothing and remove jewelry, hairpins, hearing aids, dentures, and piercings. Tell staff about implants, pacemakers, tattoos, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or contrast allergies. You usually don’t need to fast unless contrast is planned—ask ahead. Arrive early with a medication list. If claustrophobic, request sedation or an open-MRI option and follow technologist instructions.

A brain MRI for headache evaluation usually takes 15–30 minutes without contrast and 30–60 minutes with contrast. Actual scanning commonly spans 20–45 minutes; add 15–30 minutes for check-in, positioning, IV placement and post-scan observation when contrast is used. Total time can be longer if extra sequences are needed or if movement causes repeats; staying still helps shorten the scan.

Neurologists diagnose migraines primarily through detailed history and symptom description—headache pattern, duration, pain quality, associated features (nausea, light/sound sensitivity, aura), triggers, frequency and impact. They perform a neurological exam and may use headache diaries. International diagnostic criteria guide diagnosis. Brain imaging (MRI/CT) or other tests are reserved for atypical features or red flags to exclude secondary causes.

MRI can detect sinus soft-tissue problems such as mucosal inflammation, polyps, tumors, and complications extending into the orbit or brain. It’s excellent for evaluating soft tissues and distinguishing infection from neoplasm, but less useful for bony detail and air–fluid levels. CT is usually preferred for routine sinus assessment and surgical planning; MRI is reserved for complex cases or suspected complications.