HOMA‑IR is a calculated index using fasting glucose and fasting insulin to estimate insulin resistance and pancreatic beta‑cell function. It helps identify insulin resistance, assess risk for prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and monitor treatment response. It’s a screening and monitoring tool rather than a standalone diagnostic test; results are interpreted alongside clinical evaluation and other investigations.

Normal HOMA‑IR is generally considered below about 1.0. Scores roughly 1.0–1.9 suggest borderline or developing insulin resistance, while values around 2.0–2.9 indicate increasing insulin resistance. Many clinicians use a threshold near 2.5–3.0 to define insulin resistance. Cutoffs vary by lab, age and population; interpret results with fasting glucose/insulin and a healthcare provider.

In Mumbai, HOMA‑IR is usually calculated from fasting insulin and glucose rather than sold separately. Expect roughly ₹600–1,500 if billed separately (fasting insulin ~₹500–1,200 plus glucose ~₹50–300). Some diagnostic centers offer the HOMA‑IR calculation/report in a package for about ₹500–900. Prices vary by lab, location, and test bundle.

HOMA‑IR estimates insulin resistance using fasting glucose and insulin levels (a calculated index reflecting hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity), useful for research and assessing metabolic risk. HbA1c measures glycated hemoglobin, indicating average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months; it’s used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. HOMA‑IR reflects current insulin action; HbA1c reflects long-term glycemic control.

HOMA‑IR estimates insulin resistance from fasting glucose and insulin. Elevated HOMA‑IR is associated with higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and can help predict future diabetes, but it isn’t a standalone diagnostic test. Cutoffs vary by population (commonly ~2.5–3.0), and results should be interpreted with other clinical data and follow‑up tests. Lifestyle or medical interventions reduce risk.

High insulin resistance commonly causes increased central (belly) fat, difficulty losing weight, constant hunger, fatigue and brain fog. Other signs include dark velvety skin patches (acanthosis nigricans), skin tags, irregular menstrual cycles or fertility problems, acne and excess hair in women, and symptoms of high blood sugar such as excessive thirst and frequent urination. It is often linked to high blood pressure and abnormal lipids.