FIRST TRIMESTER SCREENING (FTS)

The FTS (first‑trimester screening) is a noninvasive assessment performed at about 11–13+6 weeks' gestation combining maternal blood tests (PAPP‑A and free beta‑hCG) with an ultrasound measurement of fetal nuchal translucency. It estimates risk for chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18. It’s a screening, not diagnostic; positive results lead to diagnostic testing (CVS or amniocentesis) and counseling.

FTS (first‑trimester screening) is a non‑diagnostic combined test at 11–13+6 weeks that estimates the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, chiefly Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18. It combines nuchal translucency ultrasound measurement with maternal blood markers (free β‑hCG and PAPP‑A) and maternal factors; the result gives a risk score — abnormal or high‑risk findings may be followed by diagnostic tests (CVS or amniocentesis).

FTS (first‑trimester screening) and NIPT (non‑invasive prenatal testing) are both prenatal screening tests but are not the same. FTS combines nuchal translucency ultrasound with maternal blood markers early in pregnancy. NIPT analyzes cell‑free fetal DNA in maternal blood and is far more sensitive and specific for trisomies. Neither is diagnostic; positive results should be confirmed by CVS or amniocentesis.

FTS at 12 weeks is the first‑trimester combined screening that assesses risk of chromosomal abnormalities. It includes a nuchal translucency ultrasound plus maternal blood tests (PAPP‑A and free β‑hCG), sometimes with nasal‑bone assessment. The result gives a risk estimate for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 but is not diagnostic; high‑risk findings prompt NIPT or invasive diagnostic testing.

A positive first‑trimester screen means elevated risk, not a diagnosis. You’ll be offered genetic counseling and further testing: non‑invasive prenatal testing (cell‑free DNA) for higher accuracy or diagnostic tests (CVS around 10–13 weeks or amniocentesis after ~15 weeks). A detailed ultrasound and discussion of options, risks, and timelines help decide next steps. Many positive screens are false positives.

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