Dual Marker with graph

The double‑marker (first‑trimester) measures PAPP‑A and free β‑hCG; results are reported as multiples of the median (MoM). Normal values center around 1.0 MoM; most labs consider roughly 0.5–2.0 MoM within the expected range. Markedly low PAPP‑A (≈<0.4 MoM) or markedly high free β‑hCG (≈>2.5–3.0 MoM) increases screening risk and warrants further assessment.

A dual marker test is a first‑trimester blood screening, usually done around 9–13+6 weeks, that measures two markers—free beta‑hCG and PAPP‑A—to estimate the risk of chromosomal conditions such as Down syndrome and trisomy 18. It’s a risk assessment, not a diagnosis; abnormal results lead to further evaluation with ultrasound, noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), or diagnostic procedures like CVS or amniocentesis.

The double marker test (PAPP‑A and free β‑hCG) screens for chromosomal abnormalities and does not reliably determine fetal sex. To find sex, use cell‑free DNA (NIPT), which detects Y‑chromosome sequences from about 9–10 weeks, an anatomy ultrasound at 18–20 weeks, or diagnostic CVS/amniocentesis with genetic analysis. Marker level patterns are not a dependable method to predict sex.

NIPT is generally superior to the double‑marker test for detecting common chromosomal abnormalities (trisomies 21, 18, 13): it has much higher sensitivity and far fewer false positives and can be done from about 10 weeks. The double marker is cheaper and more widely available but less accurate. Any high‑risk result from either test requires diagnostic confirmation by CVS or amniocentesis.

No — the double marker is a screening, not diagnostic, test. It estimates risk for chromosomal abnormalities using maternal blood markers, but it produces false positives and false negatives. Detection rates vary by test type and whether ultrasound is included, so results aren’t definitive. A high‑risk screen should be followed by diagnostic testing (CVS or amniocentesis) and specialist counseling.

Chromosomal abnormalities cannot be fully prevented because many occur randomly, but risk can be reduced or managed. Seek preconception genetic counseling and carrier testing, consider maternal age when planning pregnancy, and discuss IVF with preimplantation genetic testing if indicated. Use prenatal screening (first‑trimester combined, NIPT) and confirm abnormal results with diagnostic tests (CVS/amniocentesis). Maintain a healthy lifestyle and follow clinician guidance.