The three standard DEXA scan sites are the lumbar spine (usually L1–L4), the hip/proximal femur (total hip and femoral neck), and the forearm (distal radius). Spine and hip are primary for osteoporosis diagnosis; the non‑dominant forearm is scanned when spine or hip measurements are unreliable or not possible. These measurements assess bone density and fracture risk.

DEXA scans commonly measure the lumbar spine, typically the L1–L4 vertebrae, to assess bone mineral density and diagnose osteoporosis. The lumbar region is used because it contains trabecular bone that reflects metabolic bone loss. Some DEXA reports also include a whole-spine or thoracic assessment, but standard clinical practice focuses on the lumbar spine alongside the hip (femoral neck) for fracture risk.

A DEXA scan measures bone mineral density and is primarily used to diagnose osteoporosis; it can detect reduced spine bone density and some vertebral compression fractures using vertebral fracture assessment (VFA). However, it cannot evaluate soft tissues, discs, nerves, or many other causes of back pain—X‑ray, CT, or MRI are needed for detailed structural or soft‑tissue assessment.

A DEXA (dual-energy X‑ray absorptiometry) scan measures bone mineral density to diagnose osteoporosis or osteopenia and estimate fracture risk. It tracks changes in bone density over time to monitor treatment effectiveness. DEXA can also assess body composition (lean and fat mass) in some clinics. The test is quick, noninvasive and uses low doses of radiation.

Costs vary by country and setting. In the US a single bone DEXA scan typically costs about $100–$400 without insurance (Medicare may cover it for eligible patients). In the UK it’s usually free on the NHS; private scans run roughly £60–£150. In India prices are much lower, commonly ₹700–₹2,500. Check local providers and insurance for exact fees.

A DEXA (bone density) scan usually takes about 10–20 minutes for the actual imaging. Including check‑in, brief preparation and positioning, expect roughly 20–30 minutes at the clinic. Whole‑body or extra regional scans can take up to about 30 minutes. No special fasting is required; you’ll lie still on the scanning table while the machine passes overhead.