Normal serum aluminum is generally considered below about 10 µg/L (≈0.37 µmol/L). Many laboratories use upper reference limits near 7–10 µg/L; values above ~20 µg/L suggest substantial exposure or potential toxicity and warrant further evaluation. Reference ranges vary by lab and clinical context (for example, dialysis patients), so interpret results with clinician guidance.

A high blood aluminum level is generally considered above about 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L). Levels around 20–60 µg/L suggest significant exposure or accumulation; very high concentrations (often >100 µg/L) are associated with toxicity and symptoms such as neurological problems or bone disease, especially in people with impaired kidney function. Lab reference ranges and clinical context determine interpretation.

High aluminium levels result from excessive environmental or occupational exposure (aluminium manufacturing, mining, welding), ingestion of aluminium-containing products (some antacids, buffered medications, food additives, contaminated water), and medical sources (contaminated dialysis fluid, certain IV solutions). Impaired kidney function markedly increases aluminium retention because it’s excreted by the kidneys, so chronic kidney disease or dialysis patients are at highest risk.

Dialysis patients should have serum aluminum under about 20 µg/L (≈0.74 µmol/L). Levels between ~20–60 µg/L suggest possible accumulation and need monitoring. Concentrations above approximately 60 µg/L (≈2.2 µmol/L) are commonly used thresholds for aluminum toxicity and are associated with bone disease, anemia, and encephalopathy; they prompt investigation and treatment. Common sources include contaminated dialysate or aluminum-containing medications.

Reduce aluminium exposure by avoiding aluminium-containing antacids and aluminium-based baking powders, using stainless-steel cookware and avoiding foil for acidic foods, and minimizing processed foods with aluminium additives. Protect against workplace inhalation and ensure drinking water and dialysis fluids are aluminium-free. Maintain kidney health to improve excretion. If you suspect high aluminium or have kidney disease, ask your doctor about testing and treatment.

Foods that can be relatively high in aluminum include processed and powdered items using aluminum-containing additives (baking powders, self‑rising flours, processed cheeses, cake mixes), some canned or pickled foods, certain infant formulas, and brewed tea (tea leaves concentrate aluminum). Acidic foods cooked or stored in aluminum cookware can pick up extra aluminum. Overall, processed and additive‑heavy foods are the main dietary sources.